Right off the bat, this is not really a review of the film, The Dark Knight, but my thought of who or what the Joker represents in the film.
Heath Ledger’s final film role as The Joker is amazing. He inhabits the role. One completely forgets the actor. Even when he isn’t on screen, the Joker’s presence is palpable.
This Joker is someone who should and probably has danced with the Devil in the pale moonlight. This Joker, like his best appearances in the comics is NOT a super villain, but a force of nature. In the film, Joker mentions to The Batman that he is an “Agent of chaos.” I agree. My impression of the Joker is as a Trickster. More closely aligned with Loki, Anansi or Manabozho than Lex Luthor, The Riddler or Scarecrow.
In Native American traditions, the Trickster alternately scandalizes, disgusts, amuses, disrupts, chastises, and humiliates (or is humiliated by) the animal-like (Bat?) proto-people of pre-history, yet he is also a creative force transforming their world, sometimes in bizarre and outrageous ways, with his instinctive energies and cunning. Eternally scavenging, he represents the most basic instincts of chaos.
As Bruce Wayne’s long serving friend and mentor, Alfred wisely notes: “Some men aren’t looking for anything logical, like money. They can’t be bought, bullied, reasoned or negotiated with. Some men just want to watch the world burn.”
The landscape of the film is that of the unconscious, where archetypes roam unfettered by the restraints of the waking world. This is the realm of the hero’s journey, fraught with all the peril that implies.
In Tim Burton’s Batman, the Joker’s origin is shown in detail. It’s revealed that he’s the street hood who kills Bruce Wayne’s Parent’s, thus creating the psychotic schism in young Bruce. It’s in turn shown that the newly minted Batman inadvertently creates the Joker. The Yin and the Yang. The balancing forces or the Father and Son in Star Wars, literally balancing The Force.
In the comics, except for a few unsatisfying exceptions, the Joker’s origins are never fully revealed. When they are, they’re purposefully contradictory, just as Ledger’s Joker’s many versions of how he got his scars. Writer and Director, Chris Nolan goes out of his way to make the Joker’s origin very vague. The Joker does say, very earnestly to The Batman, “You complete me.” It’s as if he sprang out of mid-air. No prints, no dental records, no DNA, no labels in his clothes, nothing but, “lint and knives.”
The character of the Joker represents The Batman’s ID. In this world of archetypes that the movie inhabits, where super-powered beings live, help and menace the World. It’s not a great leap to believe that the existence of The Batman in this World called into existence the antithesis of his force. Just by being, The Batman, created the Joker. Existence needed the Joker, not as a man, but a force of nature. In this case, a Trickster.
The Joker’s complete detachment from the material world, from life itself, renders him beyond simple good and evil and into another category altogether, the complete and impersonal danger of anarchy.
Ledger’s Joker, giggling with delight over the mayhem he causes with a perfect indifference over the outcome is such an overwhelmingly dynamic performance that it overshadows everyone else, despite excellent work, including Christian Bale, who is wonderfully tortured, dark and achingly vulnerable. Joker is the Trickster in the archetypal sense. It’s my prediction that when Heath Ledger is nominated for an OSCAR, it’s as Best Actor, not Supporting.
Nolan’s two Batman movies and Joseph Campbell
Best known for his work in the fields of comparative mythology and comparative religion, Joseph Campbell relied often upon the writings of Carl Jung as an explanation of psychological phenomena, as experienced through archetypes.
The role of the hero figured largely in Campbell’s comparative studies. In 1949 The Hero with a Thousand Faces introduced his idea of the monomyth (a word borrowed from Joyce), which outlined some of the archetypal patterns Campbell recognized. Heroes were important to Campbell because, to him, they conveyed universal truths about one’s personal self-discovery and self-transcendence, one’s role in society, and the relationship between the two. Below are Campbell’s steps of the Monomyth and my notes of how they are represented in the two films, Batman Begins and The Dark Knight.
There are 3 parts and 16 steps to the Monomyth.
part 1. Departure
a. The call to Adventure - The death of his parents
b. The refusal of the call - Living an empty and pointless life leading to trying to take Chill’s life
c. Supernatural Aid - Ra’s Al Goul and his Ninja’s
d. The crossing of the Threshold (symbolic Death) - Bruce was literally declared dead by the Wayne Foundation
e. Rebirth - The Batman
part 2. Initiation
a. The road of Trials - Year One
b. Marriage (meeting of a companion) - Jim Gordon
c. The woman as a temptress (for male heroes, obviously) - Various, usually Cat Woman, in this case Rachel Dawes
d. Atonement with the Father - The Batman’s pledge to never use a gun or take a life
e. Apotheosis - Becoming an Icon, creating a vacuum, thus creating the need for a balancing force. Creation of the Joker
f. The Ultimate Boon - The end of the Mob
part 3. Return
a. The refusal of the return - Harvey Dent cleans up Gotham
b. The magic flight (the return trip is always faster then the initial trip) - Bruce’s moral quandary and turmoil is wrapped up pretty quickly
c. The crossing of the RETURN Threshold
d. Master of two worlds
e. Freedom to Live
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Not rated but I’d say PG to PG-13 for mild language.
“We’ve worked hard trying to help everyone catch up,” Wirth told USA Today’s Robert Bianco. “And these episodes are a little more self-contained. We were pretty heavily serialized last year.”
